{"id":1835,"date":"2011-05-03T23:11:07","date_gmt":"2011-05-03T22:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/barreiroweb.eu\/?p=1835"},"modified":"2011-05-03T23:12:10","modified_gmt":"2011-05-03T22:12:10","slug":"da-guerra-nunca-se-volta-2-a-luta-de-libertacao-em-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arquivo.barreiroweb.net\/?p=1835","title":{"rendered":"DA GUERRA NUNCA SE VOLTA ! – 2. A LUTA DE LIBERTA\u00c7\u00c3O EM \u00c1FRICA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00c1FRICA DESCONHECIDA<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[ PARA A HIST\u00d3RIA DO COLONIALISMO PORTUGU\u00caS ]<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 A \u00a0LUTA \u00a0DE \u00a0LIBERTA\u00c7\u00c3O \u00a0EM \u00a0\u00c1FRICA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A d\u00e9cada de 50 do s\u00e9culo XX, foi determinante para o nascimento e implementa\u00e7\u00e3o dos Movimentos de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional em \u00c1frica, nomeadamente nos territ\u00f3rios sob o dom\u00ednio colonial portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Um conjunto de acontecimentos significativos contribuiu para a queda inexor\u00e1vel dos imp\u00e9rios coloniais tornados empecilhos ao processo de desenvolvimento capitalista na Europa. A ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o militar extensiva tornara-se demasiado dispendiosa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Em 1954 o Vietnam de Ho Chi Min derrotou a Fran\u00e7a, pot\u00eancia colonial, em Di\u00ean Bi\u00ean Phu, culminando a her\u00f3ica luta de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de mais de 10 anos do povo vietnamita.\u00a0 Nesse ano a Frente de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o da Arg\u00e9lia, FNL, inicia a primeira luta armada no Continente Africano, contra o ocupante franc\u00eas. Por essa altura tamb\u00e9m a \u00cdndia apresentava as primeiras reivindica\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os territ\u00f3rios de Goa, Dam\u00e3o e Diu, que considerava colonialmente ocupados, enquanto Salazar proclamava-os parte integrante da grande \u201cm\u00e3e-p\u00e1tria portuguesa\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e3o era esta, por\u00e9m, a opini\u00e3o dos meios de oposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao regime, nomeadamente do PCP e do Movimento Democr\u00e1tico que tinham j\u00e1 formulado a exig\u00eancia de \u201cautodetermina\u00e7\u00e3o e independ\u00eancia para as col\u00f3nias!\u201d. Ou a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de um \u201creferendo em Goa\u201d, como escreviam nas paredes os activistas unit\u00e1rios do MUD Juvenil, em 1955<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Significativa foi a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o em 1956<\/span>, em Bandung, na Indon\u00e9sia, da I\u00aa Confer\u00eancia do Movimento dos Pa\u00edses N\u00e3o Alinhados, formado por pa\u00edses que n\u00e3o pertenciam a qualquer dos blocos militares (NATO ou Pacto de Vars\u00f3via) onde se fez uma forte condena\u00e7\u00e3o do colonialismo.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A Fran\u00e7a e a Inglaterra j\u00e1 tinham entretanto percebido como sopravam os ventos da Hist\u00f3ria e que o colonialismo puro e duro era economicamente desvantajoso. Em 1958<\/span>, De Gaulle conferencia com Sekou Tour\u00e9 sobre a pr\u00f3xima independ\u00eancia da Guin\u00e9-Conakri, e avan\u00e7a com a forma\u00e7\u00e3o da comunidade de povos de L\u00edngua Francesa, tal como a Inglaterra tinha criado a \u201cCommonwealth\u201d. Estavam lan\u00e7adas as bases do futuro Neocolonialismo, privilegiando o dom\u00ednio pol\u00edtico e econ\u00f3mico sobre alguns governos-fantoches da burguesia negra corrupta, garantindo com vantagens a preda\u00e7\u00e3o das mat\u00e9rias-primas e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o, com partilha refor\u00e7ada e enriquecimentos escandalosos, dos interesses econ\u00f3micos das grandes empresas multinacionais.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s col\u00f3nias portuguesas, o Gana levantou a quest\u00e3o pela primeira vez na ONU em 1957, com grande receptividade da maioria das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, culminando a discuss\u00e3o na \u201cDeclara\u00e7\u00e3o Universal contra o Colonialismo\u201d, a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o 1514 aprovada na Assembleia Geral de 13 de Dezembro de 1960<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O texto inicial proposto para discuss\u00e3o em Setembro desse ano, pela Uni\u00e3o Sovi\u00e9tica, come\u00e7ava assim:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cQue todos os povos do globo oi\u00e7am as nossas palavras, todos vivemos num \u00fanico planeta. Neste planeta nascemos, trabalhamos, educamos os nossos filhos e lhes transmitimos tudo o que temos realizado na vida (…)\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do que se passou nessa hist\u00f3rica assembleia, d\u00e1 not\u00edcia o \u201cAvante!\u201d de Outubro de<\/span> 1960<\/span>, comentando a situa\u00e7\u00e3o nos seguintes termos:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNa \u00faltima Assembleia da ONU, os representantes dos pa\u00edses socialistas, dos neutralistas e das jovens na\u00e7\u00f5es africanas, fustigaram as mis\u00e9rias do colonialismo portugu\u00eas e ridicularizaram os estafados argumentos com que os representantes de Salazar tentaram defender a podrid\u00e3o da pol\u00edtica colonial do fascismo portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Por detr\u00e1s da fraseologia patrioteira dos salazaristas, que procuram inverter os factos, toda a gente v\u00ea a realidade cruel: na \u00c1frica e na \u00c1sia, 12 milh\u00f5es de homens e de mulheres das col\u00f3nias portuguesas s\u00e3o submetidos \u00e0 mais dura escravid\u00e3o, mantidos na mis\u00e9ria e na ignor\u00e2ncia mais profunda, esbulhados dos m\u00ednimos direitos e liberdades, dizimados por uma explora\u00e7\u00e3o desenfreada de um grupo de roceiros e monopolistas.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c0s sentidas reivindica\u00e7\u00f5es de liberdade e independ\u00eancia dos povos coloniais, Salazar responde com a mais sangrenta repress\u00e3o, com o agravamento da explora\u00e7\u00e3o colonial, com o apertar das algemas da opress\u00e3o colonialista.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os massacres dos povos de S. Tom\u00e9, Goa, Bissau, Timor, Mueda, Scalo Bengo (Angola), Cabinda, ficar\u00e3o assinalados na hist\u00f3ria sangrenta do colonialismo portugu\u00eas, como a mais severa condena\u00e7\u00e3o do seu dom\u00ednio imperialista.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A continua\u00e7\u00e3o desta pol\u00edtica envergonha a consci\u00eancia nacional e enche de descr\u00e9dito o Pa\u00eds aos olhos dos outros povos\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Em breve fariam prova estas palavras certeiras.<\/p>\n

Bibliografia<\/span><\/em> :<\/em><\/p>\n

– Martins, H\u00e9lder, \u201cPorqu\u00ea Sakrani ? \u2013 Mem\u00f3rias<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0de uma guerrilha esquecida\u201d, Maputo, 1994<\/p>\n

– \u201cAvante ! \u201d, n\u00ba \u00a0357,\u00a0 s\u00e9rie\u00a0 VI, Outubro de 1960<\/p>\n

\u00a0Armando Teixeira<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1FRICA DESCONHECIDA [ PARA A HIST\u00d3RIA DO COLONIALISMO PORTUGU\u00caS ]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.\u00a0\u00a0 A \u00a0LUTA \u00a0DE \u00a0LIBERTA\u00c7\u00c3O \u00a0EM \u00a0\u00c1FRICA \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A d\u00e9cada de 50 do s\u00e9culo XX, foi determinante para o nascimento e implementa\u00e7\u00e3o dos Movimentos de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional em \u00c1frica, nomeadamente nos territ\u00f3rios sob o dom\u00ednio colonial portugu\u00eas. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Um conjunto de acontecimentos significativos contribuiu para […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-destaque","category-memorias","last_archivepost"],"yoast_head":"\nDA GUERRA NUNCA SE VOLTA ! - 2. 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